Protein Charge Ladders

J. A. Caravella, J. D. Carbeck, D. C. Duffy, G. M. Whitesides, and B. Tidor. 1999. “Long-Range Electrostatic Contributions to Protein-Ligand Binding Estimated Using Protein Charge Ladders, Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis, and Continuum Electrostatic Theory”. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, Pp. 4340-47

J. D. Carbeck, I. J. Colton, J. R. Anderson, J. Deutch, and G. M. Whitesides. 1999. “Correlations Between the Charge of Proteins and the Number of Ionizable Groups They Incorporate: Studies Using Protein Charge Ladders, Capillary Electrophoresis, and Debye-Hückel Theory”. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, Pp. 10671-79

J. Gao, M. Mammen, and G. M. Whitesides. 1996. “Evaluating Electrostatic Contributions to Binding With the Use of Protein Charge Ladders”. Science, 272, Pp. 535-37

E. Cordova, J. Gao, and G. M. Whitesides. 1997. “Noncovalent Polycationic Coatings for Capillaries in Capillary Electrophoresis of Proteins”. Analytical Chemistry, 69, Pp. 1370-79

J. Gao and G. M. Whitesides. 1997. “Using Protein Charge Ladders to Estimate the Effective Charges and Molecular Weights of Proteins in Solution”. Analytical Chemistry, 69, Pp. 575-80

I. J. Colton, J. R. Anderson, J. Gao, R. G. Chapman, L. Isaacs, and G. M. Whitesides. 1997. “Formation of Protein Charge Ladders by Acylation of Amino Groups on Proteins”. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, Pp. 12701-9

J. Gao, M. Mrksich, M. Mammen, and G. M. Whitesides. 1998. “Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis: Using Capillary Electrophoresis to Study the Interactions of Proteins With Ligands”. In High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis: Theory, Techniques, and Applications, edited by M. G. Khaledi, Chapter 29, 146:Pp. 947-72. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

I. J. Colton, J. D. Carbeck, J. Rao, and G. M. Whitesides. 1998. “Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis: A Physical-Organic Tool for Studying Interactions in Biomolecular Recognition”. Electrophoresis, 19, Pp. 367-82

J. D. Carbeck, I. J. Colton, J. Gao, and G. M. Whitesides. 1998. “Protein Charge Ladders, Capillary Electrophoresis, and the Role of Electrostatics in Biomolecular Recognition”. Accounts of Chemical Research, 31, Pp. 343-50

J. D. Carbeck, J. C. Severs, J. Gao, Q. Wu, R. D. Smith, and G. M. Whitesides. 1998. “Correlation Between the Charge of Proteins in Solution and in the Gas Phase Investigated by Protein Charge Ladders, Capillary Electrophoresis, and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry”. J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, Pp. 10596-601